10/29/2022 0 Comments Ruffini endings![]() ![]() Although it does not only occur in neuronal tissue, its concentration is up to 50 times higher in neurons. Protein-Gene-Product 9.5 is a ubiquitin-carboxyl-hydroxylase, also known as UCH-L1. The p75-receptor is expressed both in myelinated and non-myelinated neurons. Furthermore, there are other functions of the receptor which are subject of current research such as migration of Schwann cells, regulation of sensory neurons and myelinisation. Like the others of these receptors, it induces apoptosis of the cell. The p75-receptor is part of the TNF-receptor family. It plays an important role in the intracellular calcium homeostasis the organization of the cytoskeleton and some of the S100 proteins are segregated and fulfil extracellular functions which are similar to cytokines. The S100-protein is expressed in myelinated and non-myelinated Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system and in sensory neuronal structures such as mechanoreceptors. For this reason, the aim of this study was to morphologically identify mechanoreceptors in the examined grafts and to correlate them with clinical parameters to obtain evidence of a possible reinnervation. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether there could be a reinnervation process after reconstruction of the ligament. In summary, there is no consensus concerning the presence of mechanoreceptors in transplants of the anterior cruciate ligament. found no mechanoreceptors in the examination of eleven Achilles tendon allografts, which they attributed to the fact that there is no significant reinnervation in the transplants. The authors described significantly fewer neuronal structures in the grafts compared to the control, whereas no significant difference could be observed within the graft groups. Four bone-tendon-bone patellar (BTBP) autografts, five BPTB allografts, one hamstring autograft and one healthy anterior cruciate ligament were stained with a monoclonal antibody against neurofilament protein (NFP) and then examined under a light microscope for positive structures. They took samples from ten patients who required either revision surgery or knee arthroscopy due to a different pathology. carried out an immunohistochemical investigation of grafts regarding their neuronal structure in 2016. ![]() ![]() At the time of this study, there were only few histological investigations of human cruciate ligament grafts. The presence of these receptors is a necessity for proprioceptive sensation. For this reason, the investigation of mechanoreceptors in transplants of ligaments is of great importance. After reconstructive surgery, proprioception approximates the original state, as multiple clinical trials have shown, but it remains to be clarified whether this improvement is due to reinnervation of the graft or to re-establishment of proprioception by peri-articular structures. showed that the proprioceptive function in the knee joint with ruptured anterior cruciate ligament is worse than in the healthy contralateral knee. Allografts from Achilles, quadriceps or patellar tendon are rarely used today due to risk of infection and uncertainty regarding long-term survival. An alternative method is the replacement with a quadriceps tendon graft or a patellar tendon graft which is removed with bone parts from patella and tibia. Currently, the most popular procedure is the use of a free, multi-stranded semitendinosus transplant. RUFFINI ENDINGS FULLTo regain full function of the joint reconstruction of the ligament is the therapy of choice. The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament mainly affects young, physically active people and is the most common injury of the knee. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. ![]()
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